A “coup d’état” is the sudden overthrowing of a government or political order, and is usually carried out by a small group of people. Most coups are violent, and are planned with the executions of political figures in mind. They’re often carried out in a single day but are carefully plotted over months or years.
Festering in a politically turbulent country, these attacks are led by military officials who have turned on their superiors or foreign organizations such as the CIA acting through a proxy military. Regardless of the mutineers, successful coups occur when they are able to catch their enemies by surprise, and, more importantly, are able to implement the regime change. And this doesn’t just happen with an army. As seen in this collection of historical military operations, successful coups always launch a secret multi-pronged operation, one that employs not only threats of violence but also media propaganda and psychological operations (PSYOPS), to topple the government but also subdue the citizens from breaking into civil war.
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